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.\" Generated with Ronnjs 0.3.8 |
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.\" http://github.com/kapouer/ronnjs/ |
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. |
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.TH "NPM\-SHRINKWRAP" "1" "April 2013" "" "" |
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. |
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.SH "NAME" |
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\fBnpm-shrinkwrap\fR \-\- Lock down dependency versions |
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. |
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.SH "SYNOPSIS" |
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. |
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.nf |
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npm shrinkwrap |
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. |
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.fi |
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. |
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.SH "DESCRIPTION" |
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This command locks down the versions of a package\'s dependencies so that you can |
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control exactly which versions of each dependency will be used when your package |
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is installed\. |
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. |
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.P |
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By default, "npm install" recursively installs the target\'s dependencies (as |
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specified in package\.json), choosing the latest available version that satisfies |
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the dependency\'s semver pattern\. In some situations, particularly when shipping |
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software where each change is tightly managed, it\'s desirable to fully specify |
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each version of each dependency recursively so that subsequent builds and |
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deploys do not inadvertently pick up newer versions of a dependency that satisfy |
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the semver pattern\. Specifying specific semver patterns in each dependency\'s |
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package\.json would facilitate this, but that\'s not always possible or desirable, |
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as when another author owns the npm package\. It\'s also possible to check |
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dependencies directly into source control, but that may be undesirable for other |
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reasons\. |
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. |
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.P |
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As an example, consider package A: |
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. |
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.IP "" 4 |
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. |
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.nf |
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{ |
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"name": "A", |
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"version": "0\.1\.0", |
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"dependencies": { |
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"B": "<0\.1\.0" |
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} |
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} |
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. |
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.fi |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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. |
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.P |
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package B: |
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. |
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.IP "" 4 |
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. |
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.nf |
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{ |
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"name": "B", |
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"version": "0\.0\.1", |
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"dependencies": { |
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"C": "<0\.1\.0" |
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} |
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} |
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. |
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.fi |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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. |
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.P |
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and package C: |
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. |
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.IP "" 4 |
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. |
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.nf |
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{ |
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"name": "C, |
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"version": "0\.0\.1" |
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} |
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. |
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.fi |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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. |
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.P |
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If these are the only versions of A, B, and C available in the registry, then |
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a normal "npm install A" will install: |
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. |
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.IP "" 4 |
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. |
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.nf |
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A@0\.1\.0 |
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`\-\- B@0\.0\.1 |
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`\-\- C@0\.0\.1 |
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. |
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.fi |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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. |
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.P |
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However, if B@0\.0\.2 is published, then a fresh "npm install A" will install: |
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. |
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.IP "" 4 |
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. |
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.nf |
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A@0\.1\.0 |
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`\-\- B@0\.0\.2 |
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`\-\- C@0\.0\.1 |
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. |
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.fi |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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. |
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.P |
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assuming the new version did not modify B\'s dependencies\. Of course, the new |
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version of B could include a new version of C and any number of new |
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dependencies\. If such changes are undesirable, the author of A could specify a |
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dependency on B@0\.0\.1\. However, if A\'s author and B\'s author are not the same |
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person, there\'s no way for A\'s author to say that he or she does not want to |
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pull in newly published versions of C when B hasn\'t changed at all\. |
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. |
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.P |
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In this case, A\'s author can run |
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. |
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.IP "" 4 |
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. |
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.nf |
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npm shrinkwrap |
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. |
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.fi |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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. |
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.P |
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This generates npm\-shrinkwrap\.json, which will look something like this: |
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. |
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.IP "" 4 |
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. |
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.nf |
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{ |
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"name": "A", |
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"version": "0\.1\.0", |
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"dependencies": { |
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"B": { |
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"version": "0\.0\.1", |
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"dependencies": { |
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"C": { |
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"version": "0\.1\.0" |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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. |
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.fi |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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. |
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.P |
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The shrinkwrap command has locked down the dependencies based on what\'s |
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currently installed in node_modules\. When "npm install" installs a package with |
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a npm\-shrinkwrap\.json file in the package root, the shrinkwrap file (rather than |
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package\.json files) completely drives the installation of that package and all |
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of its dependencies (recursively)\. So now the author publishes A@0\.1\.0, and |
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subsequent installs of this package will use B@0\.0\.1 and C@0\.1\.0, regardless the |
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dependencies and versions listed in A\'s, B\'s, and C\'s package\.json files\. |
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. |
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.SS "Using shrinkwrapped packages" |
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Using a shrinkwrapped package is no different than using any other package: you |
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can "npm install" it by hand, or add a dependency to your package\.json file and |
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"npm install" it\. |
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. |
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.SS "Building shrinkwrapped packages" |
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To shrinkwrap an existing package: |
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. |
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.IP "1" 4 |
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Run "npm install" in the package root to install the current versions of all |
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dependencies\. |
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. |
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.IP "2" 4 |
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Validate that the package works as expected with these versions\. |
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. |
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.IP "3" 4 |
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Run "npm shrinkwrap", add npm\-shrinkwrap\.json to git, and publish your |
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package\. |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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. |
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.P |
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To add or update a dependency in a shrinkwrapped package: |
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. |
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.IP "1" 4 |
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Run "npm install" in the package root to install the current versions of all |
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dependencies\. |
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. |
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.IP "2" 4 |
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Add or update dependencies\. "npm install" each new or updated package |
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individually and then update package\.json\. Note that they must be |
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explicitly named in order to be installed: running \fBnpm install\fR with |
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no arguments will merely reproduce the existing shrinkwrap\. |
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. |
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.IP "3" 4 |
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Validate that the package works as expected with the new dependencies\. |
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. |
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.IP "4" 4 |
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Run "npm shrinkwrap", commit the new npm\-shrinkwrap\.json, and publish your |
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package\. |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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. |
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.P |
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You can use npm help outdated to view dependencies with newer versions available\. |
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. |
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.SS "Other Notes" |
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Since "npm shrinkwrap" uses the locally installed packages to construct the |
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shrinkwrap file, devDependencies will be included if and only if you\'ve |
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installed them already when you make the shrinkwrap\. |
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. |
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.P |
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A shrinkwrap file must be consistent with the package\'s package\.json file\. "npm |
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shrinkwrap" will fail if required dependencies are not already installed, since |
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that would result in a shrinkwrap that wouldn\'t actually work\. Similarly, the |
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command will fail if there are extraneous packages (not referenced by |
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package\.json), since that would indicate that package\.json is not correct\. |
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. |
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.P |
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If shrinkwrapped package A depends on shrinkwrapped package B, B\'s shrinkwrap |
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will not be used as part of the installation of A\. However, because A\'s |
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shrinkwrap is constructed from a valid installation of B and recursively |
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specifies all dependencies, the contents of B\'s shrinkwrap will implicitly be |
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included in A\'s shrinkwrap\. |
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. |
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.SS "Caveats" |
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Shrinkwrap files only lock down package versions, not actual package contents\. |
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While discouraged, a package author can republish an existing version of a |
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package, causing shrinkwrapped packages using that version to pick up different |
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code than they were before\. If you want to avoid any risk that a byzantine |
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author replaces a package you\'re using with code that breaks your application, |
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you could modify the shrinkwrap file to use git URL references rather than |
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version numbers so that npm always fetches all packages from git\. |
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. |
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.P |
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If you wish to lock down the specific bytes included in a package, for |
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example to have 100% confidence in being able to reproduce a deployment |
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or build, then you ought to check your dependencies into source control, |
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or pursue some other mechanism that can verify contents rather than |
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versions\. |
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. |
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.SH "SEE ALSO" |
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. |
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.IP "\(bu" 4 |
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npm help install |
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. |
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.IP "\(bu" 4 |
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npm help json |
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. |
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.IP "\(bu" 4 |
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npm help list |
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. |
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.IP "" 0 |
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|